what temperature is cold

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National Center for Cold Water Safety - What is Cold Water?Cold The cold is the presence of low, especially in the atmosphere. In common use, the cold is often a . A limit below the temperature is , defined as 0.00 K in the , an absolute scale. This corresponds to −273.15 °C in , −459.67 °F in , and 0.00 °R in . ColdSince the temperature is related to the retained by an object or sample of matter, which is the random movement of the particle components of the matter, an object will have less thermal energy when it is colder and more when it is hotter. If it were possible to cool a system at absolute zero, any motion of particles in a sample of matter would cease and be in complete rest in this classic sense. The object would be described as having zero thermal energy. Microscopically in the description of , however, matter still has even at all zero, due to . ContentsCooling[]Cooling refers to the cooling process, or lowering in. This could be achieved by eliminating the heat of a system, or by exposing the system to an environment with a lower temperature. are used to cool objects, prevent freezing and prevent erosion in machines. is the cooling process of an object by exposing it to . This will only work if the air is at a lower temperature than the object, and the process can be improved by increasing the , increasing the flow rate of refrigerant, or decreasing the object. [] Another common cooling method is to expose an object to , , or . This works by ; heat is transferred from relatively warm object to relatively cold refrigerant. and are techniques used to achieve very low temperatures. History[] History[] In ancient times, the ice was not adopted for but used for the fresh wine that the Romans had also made. According to , he invented the ice cube to cool the wines instead of adding it to the wine to make it cold as it diluted it. At some point around 1700 B.C., the king of northwest Iraq had created a "icehouse" called little shurpin in a place near his capital city on the banks of the . In the seventh century BC the Chinese had used greenhouses to preserve vegetables and fruits. During China (618 -907 AD) a document refers to the practice of using ice that was in vogue during the (770 -256 BC) by 94 workers employed for "Ice-Service" to freeze all wine to bodies. Shachtman says that in the fourth century AD, the brother of the Japanese emperor gave him a gift of ice from a mountain. The Emperor was so happy with the gift he appointed on June 1 as the "Ice Day" and he ceremonly gave ice blocks to his officials. Even in ancient times, Shachtman says, in Egypt and India, night cooling by water evaporation and heat radiation, and the ability of salts to lower the temperature of water freezing was practiced. The ancient villages of Rome and Greece were aware that boiling water cooled faster than running water; the reason for this is that with boiling water and other gases, which are deterrent to cool, they are eliminated; but this fact was not known until the seventeenth century. Since the 17th century[]Shachtman says that he was named[] in 1608 by King James I and VI, who believed in magicians who performed magic tricks such as producing thunder rays, lions, birds, trembling leaves and so on.[] In 1620 he gave a demonstration in Westminster Abbey to the king and his courtiers about the power of the cold. On a summer day, says Shachtman, Drebbel had created a chill (low temperature by several degrees) in the Abbey hallway, which made the king shine and leave the hall with his entourage. This was an amazing show, says Shachtman. Several years earlier, they had shown at the Abbey "old fancy gardens, intricate ice sculptures" and also ice-drinking drinks at . The only reference to the artificial freeze created by Drebbel was by . His demonstration was not taken seriously, as it was considered one of his magic tricks, as there was no practical application then. Drebbel had not revealed his secrets. Shachtman says that Mr. Chancellor Bacon, defender of experimental science, had tried in Navum Organum, published in late 1620, to explain the experiment of artificial freezing in Westminster Abbey, although he was not present during the demonstration, because "Nitre (or rather his spirit) is very cold, and therefore nitre or salt when added to the snow or ice intensifys the coldness of the latter, This explanation about the cold aspects of nitre induction (now known as ) and salt was then tested by many scientists. Shachtman says it was the lack of scientific knowledge in physics and chemistry that had maintained progress in the beneficial use of ice until a drastic change in religious views in the seventeenth century. The intellectual barrier was broken by Francis Bacon and who followed him in this quest for cold knowledge. Boyle performed extensive experimentation during the seventeenth century in the discipline of the cold, and his research on the pressure and volume was the precursor of research in the field of the cold during the nineteenth century. He explained his approach as "the identification of heat and cold as the right and left hands of nature." Boyle also refuted some of the theories wet by cold experiencing the transmission of cold from one material to another. It proved that water was not the only source of cold, but gold, silver and glass, which had no water content, could also change to a severe cold condition. XIX century[ ] In the United States of about 1850 until the end of the 19th century, ice export was second only to cotton. The first ice box was developed by Thomas Moore, a farmer of 1810 to carry butter in an oval wood bathtub. The bathtub was provided with a metal lining inside and surrounded by an ice pack. A rabbit skin was used as isolation. Moore also developed an icebox for domestic use with the container built on a 6-foot cubic space (0.17 m3) that was filled with ice. In 1825, Nathaniel J. Wyeth invented the ice harvest using an ice cutting device drawn on horseback. Uniform-sized ice-cut blocks were a cheap method of food conservation widely practiced in the United States. Also developed in 1855 a steaming device to transport 600 tons of ice per hour. More innovations emerged. Devices were invented using compressed air as refrigerants. 20th century[] were widely used from the mid-19th century to the 1930s when it was introduced into the home. Most of the ice consumed municipally were harvested in winter from areas full of snow or frozen lakes, stored in , and delivered into the home as ice cream became more common. In 1913, refrigerators were invented for domestic use. In 1923 Frigidaire introduced the first self-contained unit. The introduction of the twenties expanded the market of refrigerators during the 1930s. In 1940, home freezers were introduced as separate compartments (large than necessary for ice cubes). Frozen foods, formerly a luxury item, became common. Physiological effects[]Cold has numerous and effects on it, as well as on other organisms. Cold environments can promote certain features, as well as have direct effects on the ability to move. is one of the first physiological responses to the cold. Even at low temperatures, the cold can massively disrupt blood circulation. Extracellular frosts of water and tissue are destroyed. Hit your fingers, your toes, your nose, your ears and cheeks especially often. They fade, swell, blisters, and bleed. Local hemorrhoid leads to chilblains or even death of whole body parts. The only temporary cold skin reactions are without consequences. When your blood vessels contract, it becomes pale and fresh, less oxygen enters the tissue. Warmth stimulates blood circulation again and this is painful but harmless. Comprehensive protection against cold is especially important for children and sports. Extreme cold temperatures can lead to , , and , which in turn can result in death. Remarkable cold places and objects[] Cold desert of the Himalayas in Tree with hoarfrost Frozen Saint Lawrence River Winter sea ice Ice climbing Mythology and culture[]See also[]References[]abcd541 Bibliography BibliographyExternal links[]Cold Navigation menu Personal tools Named spaces Variants Views More Search Navigation Contributed Tools Printing/exporting Other projects Languages

Server Error Please try later. Hot & Cold: Extreme Temperature Safety Overview If you are planning to travel outdoors, be prepared to deal with all kinds of weather. This could mean extremely rainy days or extremely dry days, and from the hottest hours of the day to the coldest nights. The human body has a normal basic temperature between 97 °F and 99 °F, but on average, a normal body temperature is 98.6 °F (37 °C). To maintain this temperature without the help of heating or cooling devices, the surrounding environment should be about 82 ̊F (28 ̊C). Clothes are not just for the look — they are necessary to keep the heat. It can usually accumulate more layers for colder months, and can use air fans or conditioners in warmer months to maintain a healthy core temperature. In some cases, it can be found in an environment with extreme temperatures. It is crucial to know what health concerns they face, as well as how to avoid any temperature-related health problems. First, take into account that temperature reading in a thermometer is not necessarily the temperature that should be concerned. Relative humidity in your environment can affect the temperature you really feel, which is called the "apparent temperature". Some example scenarios include: High environmental temperatures can be dangerous for your body. In the range of 90° and 105°F (32° and 40°C), you can experience heat cramps and exhaustion. Between 105° and 130°F (40° and 54°C), heat exhaustion is more likely. You must limit your activities in this range. An ambient temperature of more than 130 °F (54 °C) often leads to heat. Other heat-related diseases include:SymptomsThe symptoms of heat-related disease depend on the type and severity of the disease. Some common symptoms of heat exhaustion include: The symptoms of heat storm include: Treatment If someone loses consciousness and shows one or more of the symptoms of heat exhaustion or heat spill, call 911 immediately. To treat heat exhaustion, try to stay cool with cold, wet fabrics around your body and slowly take small sips of water until symptoms begin to fade. Try to get out of the heat. Find a place with air conditioning or a lower temperature (especially outside direct sunlight). Rest on a sofa or bed. To treat heatstroke, cover with cold, wet fabrics or take a cold bath to normalize body temperature. Salt from heat immediately to a place with a lower temperature. Do not drink anything until you (or the person who experiences heat) receive medical care. Prevention Stay well hydrated to better prevent heat-related diseases. Drink enough fluids to make your urine clear or clear. Do not rely only on thirst as a guide to how much fluid you should be drinking. When you lose many fluids or sweat profusely, make sure to replace electrolytes as well. Use appropriate clothing for your environment. Clothes that are too thick or too warm can quickly cause you to get overheat. If you feel too hot, loosen your clothes or remove excess clothes until you feel cool enough. Use sunscreen when possible to prevent sunburn, which makes your body harder to get rid of excess heat. Try to avoid places that can get extremely hot, like cars inside. Never leave another person, child or pet, even for short periods of time. Risk Factors Common risk factors that may cause you to be more susceptible to heat-related disease include: As with high temperatures, it does not depend solely on the thermometer reading of the ambient air to measure cold temperatures. The speed of the wind and humidity of the external body can cause a chill that dramatically changes the cooling rate of your body and how it feels. In extremely cold weather, especially with a high wind cold factor, you can quickly experience the start of hypothermia. Drying in cold water can also result in immersion hypothermia. Some cold-related diseases include: In addition to these diseases, winter time can cause major inconveniences for travelers. Always ready to deal with heavy snow and extreme cold, either on the road or at home. SymptomsWhen your body falls below 98.6 °F (37 °C), you may experience: When your body temperature is between 91.4 ̊ and 85.2 ̊F (33 ̊ and 30 ̊C), you:between 85.2 ̊ ̊F and 71.6 ̊F (30 ̊C and 22 ̊C), you will experience: A body temperature below 71.6 ̊F (22 ̊C) may be extremely severed. Treatment If someone passes, shows several symptoms mentioned above, and has a body temperature of 95°F (35 °C) or lower, call 911 immediately. Make CPR if the person is not breathing or has no pulse. To treat hypothermia, get out of the cold as soon as possible and a warmer atmosphere. Remove any wet or wet clothes and start warming up the mid areas of your body, including your head, neck and chest, with a heating pad or against someone's skin with a normal body temperature. Drink something warm to gradually increase body temperature, but it has nothing alcoholic. Even after you start feeling hot again, stay dry and stay wrapped in a hot blanket. Look for medical help immediately to minimize damage to your body. To treat hestbite, soak the affected area in warm water not hotter than 105 ̊F (40 ̊C) and wrap it in gauze. Keep your toes or fingers affected by the separated frostbite to avoid rubbing the areas together. Do not rub, use, or walk on frozen skin, as this can cause tissue damage. Talk to your doctor if you still can't feel anything on your skin frozen after 30 minutes. Prevention It is essential to protect anyone who experiences early hypothermia symptoms. If possible, remove them from the cold immediately. Do not try to heat a person suffering from severe hypothermia with vigorous exercise or rubbing, as this may lead to other problems. To prevent cold-related diseases, take one or more of these measures when the temperature starts to drop: Risk factors Common risk factors for hypothermia and hestbit include: Last medical review on January 10, 2017Read this below

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